Catholic mathematics
In a math book you can see for which culture it is written.
Explanation
Mathematics books I had to use at school were written by catholic teachers, who usually were priest. They had plenty of time.
The relationship between faith and mathematics was clearly visible. Themes such as infinity were avoided, or if it was not otherwise possible, glossed over. For me it remained incomprehensible that in the religions lessons was told that there is only one God: 1. the Father, 2. the Sun, and 3. the Holy Spirit. Three also.
Infinitely small and infinitely large (the universe) were hardly treated. During the geometry lessons I wondered where heaven, hell and purgatory were. These were mysteries and you did not have spend time on it.
That there were errors was in the Bible was denied. Yet it was already known for long that the earth revolves around the sun, and not vice versa.
The role of the devil was not clear to me. It there were several, and it would be fallen angels.
Religion
Faith offers certainties, science can't. There is so much that we do not yet know, and that will always be the case.